Theories

Bourdieu borrows the Greek word ‘hexis’ to refer to the way in which social agents ‘carry themselves’ in the world; their gait, gesture, postures, etc. He exemplifies this idea with his early research in Kabylia (Algeria) where he observed that men and women carried themselves in markedly different ways. Where women’s bodies were oriented down in keeping with ‘[t]he female ideal of modesty and restraint’, men’s bodies were oriented towards other men. Bourdieu concluded that Kabyle bodies are ‘mnemonic devices’ that help to reproduce fundamental cultural oppositions and are integral to a cultural habitus learned more through observation than formal teaching.


Fairclough

 1. Synthetic Personalisation - build relationship between text producer and text receiver by using personal pronouns e.g 'you' or 'you'
2. Members' Resources - creating image of text using shared knowledge or the background knowledge of reader
3. Building Consumer - positioning the receiver as the ideal reader and therefore consumer of product

Brown and Levinson
Face - a individuals self-esteem or emotional needs
Positive Face - the need to feel wanted, liked and appreciated
Negative Face - the need to have freedom of thought without feeling imposed on.

Foucault
people do not have a 'real' identity within themselves; that's just a way of talking about the self -- a discourse. An 'identity' is communicated to others in your interactions with them, but this is not a fixed thing within a person. It is a shifting, temporary construction.
People do not 'have' power implicitly; rather, power is a technique or action which individuals can engage in. Power is not possessed; it is exercised. And where there is power, there is always also resistance.